Typewriters with foldable or detachable justifiers



2,852,121 TYPEWRITERS WITH FOLDABLE 0B DETACHABLE JUSTIFIERS 5 lSheets-Sheet 1 P. LGLISE Sept. 16, 1958 Filed sept. 3o, 1954 ATTUHNEY Sept 16, 1958 P. LEGLlsE 2,852,121

TYPEWRITERS WITH FoLDABLE oR DETACHABLE JUSTIFIERS ATTHNEY sept. 16, 195s P; LGLISE 2,852,121

TYPEWRITERSWITH FOLDABLE OR DETACHABLE JUSTIFIERS Filed sept. so'. 1954 Y 5 'sheets-sheet s V/asr /27 IN VENTDR ew n I ATmH/VEY P. LGLlsE Sept. 16, 1958 Filed Sept. 30, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 um L? Y M av NVENTR ATTDHNEY.

nited States Patent 4(i) TYPEWRITERS WITH FLDABLE OR `DETACH- ABLE JUSTE-TIERS Pierre Lglise, Paris, France Application September 30, 1954, Serial No. 459,416

16 Claims. (Cl. 197-84) The present invention is directed to means for quickly reducing without tools the space occupied by justifying typewriters, either for the transport thereof or for their use as conventional typewriters for work not requiring justification. Although the invention is of special advantage for portable typewriters, its applications are not limited, however, to this type of typewriter.

Certain aspects of the invention relate to the manner `of mounting the justifier body on the typewriter carriage. From this angle, the invention deals with the folding of the justifier or its quick removability. In the latter case, the removability feature is closely associated with two characteristics: (a) the rapidity of the attachment and removal operations and (b) the fact that the attachment and the removal do not involve the use of any tool, thus showing a considerable difference with the usual mounting and dismounting operations of known justiers on or from typewriters, these latter operations being presently performed by the manufacturers or in specialized shops only with an appropriate tooling.

Other aspects of the invention concern the device mounted on the frame of the typewriter to actuate the justifier carried by the carriage. From this angle, the space occupied by the justifying typewriter is reduced in two directions: laterally, by providing a plurality of mounting posts for the member supporting the actuating part in said device and rearwardly, by arranging for the instantaneous removal of the justifier part projecting in that direction.

In its main objects, therefore, the invention provides for the possibility of almost instantaneously modifying the positions of the various justiiier parts projecting beyond the general outline of the conventional type-writer from which the justifying typewriter derives, or the possibility of very rapidly removing (and inversely remounting) these parts.

Other objects of the invention required for the putting of the invention into practice will be set forth as the description Iproceeds.

The invention is described, by way of example, as applied to an at-will end-of-line or complete justifying typewriter of the kind disclosed in application Serial No. 444,415. This description is made in reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. l is a plan view of the element of the justifier which moves with the escapement rack (hereinafter called the rack), in a foldable justier;

Fig. 2 is a front elevational view of this element, where the justifying lever is placed perpendicularly to the rack;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the element of the justifier which moves with the carriage, of the same foldable justifier;

Fig. 4 is an elevational view of this element, where the justification setting device is set to zero.

Fig. 5 is a front elevational view of the foldable justiier as assembled and represented in `working position on the typewriter, with the justifying lever in the same position 2,852,121 Patented Sept. 16, 1958 as in Fig. 2 and the justification setting device set to zero as in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 shows the justifier in folded position;

Fig. 7 show-s in plan view the complete justifier mounted on the typewriter, together with those of its elements which are adjustable on the carriage shift frame;

Fig. 8 shows in plan View `an arrangement for gripping the actuating stop of the justifying lever;

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1X- IX of Fig. 8;

Fig 10 a two-row sliding arrangement of the parts carrying the actuating stop of the justifying lever;

Fig. 1l is a fragmentary end View of the assembly shown in Fig. 7;

Fig. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Fig. 7, said line 'being the folding axis of the justifier;

IFig. 13 shows in plan view the right hand portion of the typewriter carriage and the element of the justifier intended to be connected to the rack, in a quickly detachable justilier;

Fig. 14 is a plan view lof the element of the justifier intended to be connected to the carriage, in Ithe same justilier;

Fig. l5 is an end view of a detail of Fig. 14;

Figs. 16 to 20 represent various modified forms of the coupling parts that connect together the rack and the element of the justifier intended to be attached thereto;

Fig. 2l shows in plan View the quickly detachable justifier secured to the typewriter after its elements as shown in Figs. 13 and 14 have been assembled. The typewriter is represented by a portion of its carriage only, the carriage shift frame and associated parts being identical with those of the typewriter with a foldable justifier shown in Fig. 7;

Fig. 22 is the corresponding elevational View, the justiiication setting device being omitted;

Figs. 23 and 24 show diagrammatically modified forms of quickly detachable attach-ments of the justifier body onto the carriage, and

Figs. 25 and 26 are elevational views of brackets for 'hooking the carriage drawcable on the carriage.

The foldable justifier and the quickly detachable justi fier described hereinbelow `as examples embody certain arrangement-s disclosed in my copending applications for patent, as follows:

Serial No. 215,748, filed Manch 15, 1951, now Patent Serial No. 297,939, iiled July 9, 1952, now Patent No.

Serial No. 300,072, tiled July 2l, 1952 Serial No. 302,209, filed August 2, 1952, now Patent No.

Serial No. 326,999, liled December 19, 1952, now Patent Serial No. 444,415, tiled July 20, 1954 Each of these justifiers thus comprises an element moving with the rack and an element moving with the carriage, the carriage being longitudinally slidable in relation to the rack; a justifying lever pivoted on the first of these elements and to which the drawcable of the typewriter is attached for simultaneously electing the return of the rack toward the left and the return of the justifying lever toward its rest position; an adjustable sto-p which the justifying lever engages at a given point of the carriage travel toward the left; a space scale and a plurality of interchangeable justication setting scales arranged for the setting of the justifier through the agency of colors; a device for locking the justifier when the typewriter is to ibe Iused for a piece of work not requiring justification; 'a bell to announce the beginning of typing contractions and expansions; and a justifying lever with a removable end.

To `set forth clearly the arrangements which make it possible either to fold of to quicklyY removea justifier, it is necessary to proceed from a well defined justifier structure especial-ly designed to tit a given conventional type,- writer. For thisl reason, said Vjustifier structure will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the embodiment of eachl ofthe Vaiious construction features `listed labove'is not requiredfor putting the inyen-- tioninto effect.

I. FOLDABLE JUSTIFIER The drawings only show those parts of the typewriter that are vnecessary for the understanding of the invention. yln the typewriter under consideration, the transition of the lower case to the'upper. case results from a transverse or vertical motion of a frame, called carriage shift frame, upon which'the carriage moves longitudinally. Those skilled in the art will understand that the design of foldable o r lqlxiic'kly. detachable justiliers for` machines with movable segmentsis no longer difiicult.

The carriage shift frame E (Fig. l) has a front rail R and a rear rail T. The carriage generally referred to as C, comprises a bottom sheet F with front and rear rails S and U rolling on the rails R and S through the agency of ball bearings (not shown), an end plate I a rnilled knobM for rotating the platen and a push button B to free the platen from Vthe carriage. The members for shifting the frame li with` respect to the typewriter frame are not shown.

The carriage C may move in relation to the rack K by means of longitudinalbearings such as P fitted below the bottom4 sheetF. These bearings slide in slots of the rack, the 'amopnt of sliding allowed being, for instance, fonr character spacings toward the left and right from the neutral position shown in the drawing. For the s ake of simplification, the'bearing P is not represented in the elevational views, which follow. The racktK projects beyond the carriage to furnish a connection to the justi-V fier. is the carriage drawcable which, in the conventional typewriter', would be hooked onto the. car-l riage C. l

A. Element of the justifier. hinged onto the rack` (Pies land@ (a) General nrrangementr-The element of the. justifier whichconnects to the rack K to move therewith is a slider 1 comprising four longitudinally grooved horns such as 2, a rest s top 9gfor. the justifying lever 3 and a longitudinal slot 18. The lever 3 swivels on theV slider 1 by meansA of its pivot 4. A return sector 6 comprising a grooved cam 7 and a notch 8- is secured below the pivot 4 by two screws 5. rIfhe end of the drawcable Wh'as a knot engaged in Vthe notch 8'." Such an arrangenuenty provides for the combined return of the rack K toward the left and of the justifying lever 3 toward its reststop 9, asdisclosed inthe aforequoted Application Serial No. 326,999.

The justifying lever 3 has a groove 140 in which the link@ ing slider 11 may move.AA This slider has` a. hole 12Y intended to receive the linking pin 49. (Eig, 3), forming,

hole throughout, the resiliency thusachieved facilitating,

the penetration of the removable lever end therein.

Finally, aright-angled bracket 16 secured'A to theslider 1 by screws. 1-7 provides, for the, connection of saidslider to.. the. rack K.

(I7)` Slderfavnd rack articulation-In known justify. ing typewriters, the bracket 16. would be rigidly securedA to the rack K. The invention provides, on the contrary,

that the bracket 16 is articulated'ontothe rack- To thisV effect, a block 20 is secured tothe projecting end Vof rack KV by. screws 21. This block hasla vertical ear- 22 with a threaded hole 23 wherein a screw 24 is threaded home. The end Gf the screw 24 is Smeoth .se as to form .a pivot 2S for the bracket 16. The axis AA of the pivot 25 constitutes the folding axis of the justifier. y

The block 20 may carry also a stud 26, the role of which is two fold: on the one hand, stopping the bracket 16 at the proper point when the justifier is being lowered into working position and, on the other hand, providing a support for the drawcable W when the justifier is folded back (Fig. 6).

B. E lement of the justiger hinged onto the carriage (Figs. 3 and 4) (a) General arrangement-The element of the justifier which connects to the carriage C to move therewith is a plate 30 comprising two rails that will slide in the grooved horns 2, the justification setting device, the justifier locking device, and two projections for articulating the plate on corresponding brackets of the carriage.

l. .Railsrf'l'he4 rear rail 31 is secured to the underside of plate 30 at three points: on the right, by a screw 32 and a spacer socket 33; on the lef-t, by two screws 34 passing through a spacer block 35 having a stop nger 36 and a projection 37 which has a threaded hole 38.

The front rail 39 is secured to the underside of plate 30 by two screws 40 passing through a shim or spacer 41 Its left hand end, upwardly bent at right angles, forms the second required projection 42 which is provided with al stop stud 43 and a bearing hole 44.

2-. .lustfcation setting-device.-In plan View, a slot 45 cut in the plate. 30. will coincide 'with the groove 10 of the justifying lever when the latter is in rest position. The justification setting slider 46, which moves in the slot 45, comprises two flanges 47, a vertical handle 48 andthe linkingpin 49;. A lever 50, with locking finger S1 and an operjating end 52 vertically bent to coact with the handle 48,` ispivoted on the slider 46 by a shoulder screw 53. A fiat spring 5'4 secured to the handle 43 tendsl to. rotate the lever 50 clockwise.

'Phe present typewriter performs end-Of-line as well as complete justications, according to the principles laid down in the aforementioned application Serial No. 444,415.

The. justification setting scales, four in number for insta-nce, are eut along the'edges of two plates secured togetherafter notching so-as to form a parallelepipedic block S7. Three holes are drilled in the vertical plane of symmetry of the block S7. The hole 58, in the center of the block, isin line with the zero ofall the scales. The other two holes` 59 and 60v are equidistant from the central hole. 5);.` The block is held in` lateral position on theplate 30 by two studs in holes 58 and 5%.- The turning of. the block 57 upside down or from end to endvmakes it pos.- sible to select for use any of the four scales available. The scale. shown in Eig .3 is thatcorresponding to justifications carried out with the normalterminal segments of the first group of the typewriter (Group l) ofl said ap; Pliqfm- "U16-2er@ notch iSIrlarkCtl-by a. black Stroke. and

the` other six notchesthe nearesty to zero are ilentifiedbyy coloredpmarks such as 61, together with two digits only,

The identification marks of the notches of the group 1I scaleA are purposely masked. by a shutter 63 the main function of whihis to lock the block 57 onto the p late. The shutter 63 is pivoted on the shoulder 65 of a small column 64 riveted to the plate 30 and is retained by a nut 67v screwed on a threadedstud 66 protruding fromsaid.

3^. Lockingldevicle of the normen-A threadedrodI '12J gesamt with a shoulder 73 is riveted to the plate 30, the height of said shoulder being very slightly less than the distance between the plate and the slider 1 when the justifier is assembled. The rod 72 extends freely through the slot 1S of the slider 1 and carries a milled knob 74 with a shoulder 75. When this knob is screwed tight, the slider 1 is pressed between the upper face of the shoulder 75 and the lower face of the shoulder 73, thus locking the slider and the plate together. From then onward, the typewriter can only give a normal typing. Half a turn of the knob 74 is enough to lock or unlock the justier, so that the passing of the justifying typewriter to a conventional typewriter and vice versa is extremely rapid.

(b) Plate and carriage articulation (Figs. 3, 4 and 12).-In known justifying typewriters, the plate 30 is rigidly secured to the carriage. The invention requires, on the contrary, that the plate should be articulated onto the carriage. The invention also includes means for stopping the justifier in working position when the operator swivels it toward this position, and locking means to lock the same in working position as well as in folded position. In the gures, the working position is horizontal and the folded position is vertical. It should be understood, however, that these positions may differ from the horizontal and vertical respectively.

Two brackets 78 and 85 are rigidly fitted to the carriage and plate l by means of screws 89 and 90. Their design is such as to give free access to the knob M and button B.

The rear bracket 78 has a vertical portion with horizontal hole 79 that forms a bearing, and an extension 80 upon which the stop finger 36 rests when the justifier is in working position. A headless screw 81 with an end groove '91 is screwed in the threaded hole 38 of the projection 37 and next locked by a nut 83 threaded home. The screw 81 has a journal 82 engaged in the bearing or hole 79, the length of the journal being slightly less than that of the hole. The swivelling connection thus provided between the carriage rear bracket 7S and the projection 37', i. e. the plate 30, may be locked in any angular position by a milled knob 84.

The front bracket 85 has a vertical portion `with a horizontal threaded hole 86 and a horizontal extension 87 upon which the stop stud 43 rests when the justifier is in working position. A screw 88, with a shoulder forming a journal engaged in the hole 44, is threaded home in the hole 86 until said shoulder abuts against the vertical portion of the bracket. The length of the bearing or hole 44 being slightly less than that of the shoulderjournal engaged therein, the connection thus provided between the carriage front bracket 85 and the projection 42, i. e. the plate 30, may swivel freely.

The axes of the bearing holes 79 and 44 coincide of course with the axis AA of the pivot 25 when the justifier is set at zero.

The general views of the assembled justifier mounted on the typewriter show all the various parts described so far, but they do not carry all the corresponding numerals for the sake of drawing clearness.

In Fig. 5, the justifier is set at zero and the justifying lever 3 is placed parallel to the folding axis AA in order to clear the drawing in the vicinity of the articulations. In Fig. 6, the justifier is still set at zero, but the justifying lever has reassumed its rest position. In the course of folding, the drawcable W comes into contact with the stud 26 and gradually leaves the groove 7 of the return sector 6. This entails no wear of the cable, however, for the upper edge of the groove, i. e. the edge the nearest to slider 1, is removed at 27 as may be better seen in Fig. l.

In Fig. 7, the justifier is set in its extreme negative setting and the justifying lever is in its rest position.

In Fig. ll, the justifier is set at zero and the justifying lever 3 occupies a position parallel to the folding axis A C. Parts of the justifying mechanisms that ai normally carried by the typewriter frames (This part ofthe specification applies also to the quickly detachable justifier to be described later on and will not be repeated.)

In the typewriters provided with a great number of normal terminal segments to carry out at will either endof-line justifications with any of these segments or complete justifications over the lengths of these segments, the actuating stop of the justifying lever is adapted to undergo two kinds of settings:

(l) A setting in the longitudinal direction, to start the required typing contractions and expansions at any given point of the platen. To this effect, the actuating stop is carried by a slider, known as contact slider, that may be move-: and locked on arail of the frame parallel to the rack;

(2) A setting for varying the effective length of the justifying lever arm at the beginning of justifications, known as initial length of the justifying lever, in terms of the number of characters of the normal terminal segment being used. To this effect, the contact slider is provided with an arm or plate comprising as many setting positions for the actuating stop as there are normal terminal segments. These positions may be marked by holes into which an actuating stop in the form of a cylindrical pin is inserted, this pin co-operating with a cylindrical end part of the lever so that the contact between the lever and its actuating stop is reduced to a single point. The setting holes form several groups each corresponding to a justification setting scale. It is an arrangement of. this character which is shown in Figs. 7 and 1l.

According to the theory of justification errors applicable to these machines, as set forth in the aforementioned application Serial No. 444,415, the initial lengths of the justifying lever depend upon the reference inclination selected to govern the constitution of the various groups of normal terminal segments. In Figs. 7 and 1l, it is assumed that the reference inclination is the same for all the groups. It follows that the initial lengths of the justifying lever form an arithmetical series. holes are then equidistant and they may be drilled therefore along a single line.

The part of the invention dealing with the members of the justifying mechanisms that are normally carried by the typewriter frames is however independent of the distribution of the setting holes. Provided that these holes are drilled at convenient distances from a given horizontal datum line of the typewriteraxis of the platen, rack, or horizontal line described by the pivot of the justifying lever during the travel of the carriagethe longitudinal positions of the holes on the Contact slider do not matter; the longitudinal offset of any hole with respect to an ideal line drawn on the contact slider parallel to the rest inclination of the justifying lever may be compensated at the beginning of the work by a corresponding displacement of the contact slider on its carrying rail. It should be stressed, therefore, that the pattern of the setting holes on the contact slider is immaterial, although certain patterns may be of advantage according to the various situations met with.

In machines with fixed segment, the upper case shifting of the carriage moves the justifier body in a direction perpendicular to the rack. With a justifier working in a horizontal plane as in the present example, the Contact slider could be carried by the typewriter frame if the carriage shifting were to be purely vertical; it would then suffice to use an actuating pin of such a height that no disengagement of the justifying lever therewith would occur when raising the carriage. As a rule however, and mainly in portable typewriters, the carriage shifting has a transverse component, i. e. a component in the front-to-rear direction, so that the leverage of the justify-,

ing lever would be modified when the carriage would be moved to the upper case position. For these reasons, it,

The setting i 7 is tting in machines withY fixed. segment to install the contact slider not on the typewriter frame, but on the carriage shift frame E. Figs. 7 and ll illustrate also such an arrangement. From what precedes, it is clear that the invention may be embodied also in machines fitted with a movable segment.

A rail 105 parallel to the-rack is secured to the carriage shift frame Eby a bracket 106 and screws and nuts such as107. The contact slider 109, movable on` the rail 105, is-fitted` with a locking knob at eachend (milled knobs 110 and 111), twoslant brackets 112 and 117 and two centering studs 121 and 122. Eachof these brackets together with its corresponding stud form a mounting for the arm 125.

The bracket 112 is secured to the slider 109 by rivets 113. A threaded rod 114 with centering shoulder 11S, riveted to the bracket, carries the locking knob H6. The bracket 117 is arranged in a similar manner (threaded rod 118, withv centering shoulder 119. and' locking knob 120), but itV is preferably secured to thecontact slider by countersunk rivets (not shown).

The arm 125 comprises: a hole for the longitudinal positioning of the arm, said hole being occupied here by the stud 121, a downwardly projecting ear 126 with a vertical slot which fits over the shoulder 115, and an extension 127 ending in a finger 128 intended to actuate the bell generally indicated at 130. This bell, which rings the approach of blankv typings in end-ofline justificationsV ln the justifying typewriter chosen as an example, the

arm 125 comprises twenty-nine setting holes for the pin 1j35. These holesV are numbered from 30 to- 58 according to the numberV of characters in the corresponding normal terminal segments. Further, they'form four groups I to IV clearly separated from each other by boundary lines. For a justification widthv of 30 normal character spacings, for instance, the pin, 135 isv inserted in the hole 30 belonging to group I and the justification setting scale to be usedis thatcorresponding to this group, i; e. scale I.

The pinr135 comprises a leg 137 for insertion inthe holes and may be attached to the arm 125 by a cord 136 witha length about equal to half the length of the arm 125. To avoid the cord occupying a portion ofthe area swept bythe end 140 of the justifying lever duringy the v justifications, the cord is preferably attached aboutthe middle of the, arm 125 near the left hand edge thereof, and said edge is provided with notches such as v13S wherein the cord is engaged after forming a loop below the arm (see Figs. 8v and 9.).

Wear might result in too much clearancel or play between the pin leg and the various holes. To help retain thepin in standing position and prevent itl from oscillating in consequence of typewriter vibrations when the carriage moves stepwise, the lower face of the arm 12S is fitted with a strip 132 (Figs. 8 andV 9) of somewhat elastic material. The local deformation 133'of the material' when the leg 137 is forced into the hole Iand the resulting lateral pressure on the leg provides the required gripping and fixing of pin 135.

The possibility of mounting the arm 125 at either end of the contact slider 109 makes it possible to reduce the length of the rail 105 and thus the space occupied by the justifying typewriter in the longitudinal direction.

For typing a narrow column, f'or instance 16 normal character spacings wide, in the extreme left hand region of the platen, the carriage is firstV moved toward the right until' the left hand edge off the platen comes into line; with the type guide. The arm 125 is` mounted on the bracket 112V and the pin leg 137 is inserted in the hole 31 of the arm,125; next, the contact slider is` moved toward the right on the rail 105 until the pin 135 comes into contact with the end140 of' the justifying lever. In

this position, with a relatively shortrail105, as in Fig. 7.L

-8 purposely not projecting too far away from the rightv of the typewriter, the locking knob cannot contact the rail. The contact slider is then locked by the knob 111 urging the end of. its screw against the rail toward the right hand' end thereof;

l'nversely, for typing a column of similar width in the extreme right handA region of the platen, the arm I would be mounted on the bracket 117 and the contact slider would be locked by the knob 110 acting againstl rail' 105 toward the left hand end thereof.

According to a modified form, the arm 125 may assume an infinity of longitudinal positions on the contact slider 109. To this effect,y the arm 125 is integral with a slider 149 Fig, 1'0) that may be displaced on the c ontact slider 109 and next locked thereon by a milled knob 148.

For the transport of the typewriter, the rod. is removed from the hole 14., the justifier is folded and then locked in vertical position by means of the knob 84,.andl the contact slider. 1'09 is removed from its rail 105.

I-I.. QUICKLY DETACHABLE JUSTIFIER The justifier whichwill be described now is less bulky than the preceding one andthe weight of its various` parts is greatly reduced. The conventional typewriter for which this justifier isV designed is the same as previously. The carriage shift frame Band the parts of the justifying mechanisms supported by said frame (rail 105 and contact slider 109') areA not shown in the drawings.

Any part of the present justifier performing a function similar to that performed by a corresponding part; of the previous justifier is designated by the same numeral', withuotA taking* into account differences in shape or position between said parts. Other parts carry a threedigit numeralV whereof the first digit is always digit 2.

A. Element-0f the justifier to be connected to: the rack (Fig. 13)

(a) General arrangement.-The element of the justifier to be connected to the rack'is' a slider 1l having a bearing generally referred to as 200, a slot 1'8 and a rest stopv 9 for the; justifyingv lever 3. The bearing 200 consists of a spacing washer 201; a cap 202 with lonigtudinaliianges 203 andv a set screwv 204.

The justifying lever 3, which is shown here toward the end of a clockwise swivelling, turns on the. slider 1, by means of its pivot 4. The combined return arrangement is among the simplest ones that may be designed. A return arm 6 having a notchA 8` for hooking the drawcable W therein and a guiding stud 207 for said cable is i secured below the lever pivot 4 by means of a stud 205 and a screw 5. A Socket 2 06 is inserted between the arm 6 and the slider 1.

A longitudinal groove 10 is milled in the lever 3. The. linking slider 11, which may move therein, is provided with a hole 12l for the linking pin 49 (Fig. 14). removable part* 140` (Fig. 2l) ofthe justifying lever is a cylindrical tube one end of which fits over the cylindricalV end 13 of the non-detachable part of the lever.

A bar 16, secured atr the lower face of the slider 1- by a screw 1'7, detachably connects the slider to the rack K. In Fig. 13, the slider 1 is shown at a certain distance from the typewriter, being linked however to this latter by the drawcable W hooked onto the notch 8.

(b) Quickly detachable connection between the bar and the mele- The kind. and direction of the movement or movements preceding the actual securing of the justifier onto the typewriter, referred to as approach movement (such as translations, rotations, or combinations thereof),

' are contingent upon the arrangement of the various conthe machine under consideration, the knob M and the.

The y essaim 9 Y button B would make impossible an approach by a Vertical downward translation of the justifier, or by a horizontal translation from the front to the rear of the typewriter. It is assumed in what follows that-the approach is effected by a purely vertical upward movement of the justifier.

The bar 16 has a vertical lug 216. A bracket 20 is secured to the rack K by screws 21 and has an opening 220 into which the lug 216 engages without play during the approach movement. It is clear that a cylindrical stud and a hole closely fitting said stud may be respectively substituted for the above lug and opening. Whatever shape is given to the coacting parts, it is desirable to facilitate their mutual engagement by providing appropriate roundings or cbamfers on the top of the male part and the entrance of the female part.

Alternatively, a certain resilience may be embodied in the connection to allow for larger machining tolerances without interfering with the reasonable degree of longitudinal stiffness required during typing. The degree of resilience should be so designed that no appreciable deformation of the connection results from the relatively small shocks involved by the stepwise movement of the carriage.

Two series of solutions may be provided to give the above effect:

In the first series, the required degree of resilience is given to the male part of the connection. For instance, the leg or stud 216 (Fig. 16) is slotted; or a loop shaped spring 217 (Fig. 17) is substituted for the lug 216, or else, as shown in Fig. 18, a similar spring 217 may surround the lug.

In the second series, the degree of resilience required is embodied in the female part. For instance, the opening 220 of the square bracket 20 may assume the shape shown in Fig. 19; or else, in the case of a hole 220 (Fig. 20), a slot passing through the center of the hole may be cut in the bracket 20.

Whatever way the connection is designed, the engagement of the male part into the female part automatically results from a correct approach movement of the justifier body along or toward the carriage end plate upon which the justifier is to be mounted, and the engagement is complete at the end of the approach movement or even before said end is reached.

B. Element of the justifier to be connected to the carriage (Fig. 14)

(a) General arrangement- As previously, the element of the justifier to be connected to the end plate l of the carriage is a plate 30 designed to carry the slider 1 for sliding movements.

(l) Relative sliding arrangement and justifier locking device-The longitudinal slot 225 of the plate 3f) cooperates with the bearing 200 of the slider 1, While the slot 18 of the slider co-operates with the bearing of the plate generally designated by the numeral 230.

This latter bearing comprises (Fig. 15): a base 232 secured to the lower face of the plate 30 by screws 231, two pairs of opposite slideways 233 and 234, and a threaded rod 72. The justifier locking knob 74, shown in cross-section, is hollowed out at 235. When the knob is screwed on the rod 72, the slider 1 shown in dotted lines is locked between the upper pair of slideways 233 and the periphery of the upper part of the knob. The depth of the recess 235 is such that the internal bottom of the knob cannot come into contact with the pair of slideways 234.

(2) Justification setting device-In plan view, the oblique slot 45 cut in the plate 30 enframes the groove of the justifying lever when the latter is in rest position. The justification setting slider 46 with flanges 47 moves in the slot 45. A member 241, made of springsteel, is secured on the slider 46 by the screw 240; this screw has a cylindrical end which forms the linking pin 49.

The member 241 has a flanged edge 242 bearing against the left hand edge of the slider 46. Further, this member is upwardly bent at 243 so as to form a vertical wall which is bent in turn at 244 to form the blade 245 carrying the locking nger 51. The stiffness of the blade 245 may be increased by embossing a rib 246 therein, so that the resiliency between the blade and the vertical wall 243 lies in the bend 244 only.

The block 57 with the four setting scales has two symmetrical holes 59 and 60 which engage upon the studs 24S and 249 of the plate 30. The shutter 63 maintaining the block 57 pressed against the plate 30 is pivoted on the plate at 65. Said shutter comprises as previously a vertical projection 68 serving as handle for the operator, and a spring wing 69 fitting into a recess 70 at the lower face of the plate.

To mount the block 57 in place, the operator presses the blade 245 against the wall 243 with the thumb and fore-finger of one hand and inserts the block over the studs with the other hand. When moved into locking position, the shutter 63 masks the identification marks of the setting scale opposite the scale being used.

(b) Quickly detachable connection between the plate and the carriage (Figs. J3, 14, 21 and 22).-Figs. 2l and 22 represent the assembled justifier mounted on the typewriter; their relative complexity does not make it possible to indicate the numerals of all the parts described so far. As stated above, Fig. 2l doesnot show the carriage shift frame and parts associated thereto. On the other hand, Fig. 22 shows the rails of this frame as well as the rail secured to said frame. The justification setting device is omitted, since it would have masked the attachment system of the justifier which it is important to illustrate, and the justifying lever 3, reduced to its main non-detachable part, is shown in a position perpendicular to the rack.

It has been assumed that the approach of the justifier was effected by an upward vertical movement. The connection between the bar 16 and the rack K should be completely established at the end of the approach movement, or before said end takes place, that is when the plate 30 abuts against appropriate stop members.

To this effect, the upstanding left hand portion 260 of the plate 30 has two vertical slots 261 and 265. The end plate l is fitted with two threaded rods 263 and 267. These rods have centering shoulders 262 and 266, acting also as stop members, and carry the locking knobs 264 and 268. At the beginning of the approach movement of the justifier, the upper edge of the upstanding portion 260 of the plate 30 is inserted between the carriage end plate J and the internal faces of the locking knobs 264 and` 268, purposely unscrewed by the required amount on their respective threaded rods. The approach movement is therefore conveniently guided. When the bottoms of the slots 261 and 265 are stopped by the shoulders 262 and 266, the operator manually screws the knobs 264 and 268, thus locking the plate 30 in correct working position on the carriage end plate l. As only few turns 'of the knobs are required, the attachment operation is quickly performed.

For a given approach movement of the justifier, modified forms of the attachment system may be designed. For instance, for an approach of the same character as above, the attachment may be embodied as shown in Fig. 23. The upstanding portion 260 may have a single vertical opening 270. The threaded rod 273, riveted on the end plate I and carrying the locking knob 274, has a centering shoulder 273 engaged in the opening 270, while the upper edge of the portion 260 is engaged in a channel 275 of the end plate I. Or else (Fig. 24), the attachment may be effected by ears 276 of the portion 260 connecting to ears 277 of the carriage by pins 278.

C. Remarks The various embodiments of attaching arrangements kll which have been described as examples had to take into account on the one hand a certain mountingposition of the justifier on the typewriter (horizontal mounting .or slant mounting) and, on the other hand, an approach movement of a certain nature. .As has been said, for a given conventional typewriter anda given mounting position of the justifier thereon, lhe permissible ,approach movements depend upon the number .and distribution ,of the typewriter control members supported by the carriage right hand end plate.

The number of the possible approach movements is therefore limited for a given typewriter; Said number considerably increases, however, when one considers the great variety ofconventional typewriters ava-ilableat the present time, since the movements referred to `may consist of pure translations in various directions, or pure clockwise or counterclockwise rotations, or of combinations of these basic movements. It is thus impossible to review all the mechanical arrangements which may solve the problem of quickly 'fitting without tools a justiiier on a typewriter or quickly detaching it from the same, still without any tool.

The embodiment of any not described solution 'using well known devices such as bayonet joints, clasp or snap members, slideways, etc., taken separately or in combination, lies therefore within Vthe scope of the :present invention.

3D. Return to the Vconventional `typewriter For using the justifying `machine las a :conventional typewriter, the operator iirst locks the justiiier by the knob 74. Next, he removes either the pin 135 from i-the arm 125 or the tube 140 from the :cylindrical stud 13 of the justifying lever, or else, he simply vpushes back the contact slider 109 to its extreme left hand position on the rail 105. ln the case of small or portable typewriters with .carriage shift frame, it is better, however, to remove the contact slider to lighten the shift frame.

When the justier is locked, standard oice machines resume fully their touch and response characteristics, because the dead weight of a justifier then uselessly ycarried by the carriage represents but a negligible fraction 'of the carriage weight. The case of small or portable typewriters is dilerent. It is then better to removethe justilier, means being designed to hook the drawcable again onto the carriage and to again lock the rack and carriage together.

For the drawcable, the simplest means consists (Figs. 13 and 25) of `providing at the lower face of the bottom F of the carriage a bracket 280'having a notch 281 slightly above the normal position W of the cable. Before removing the justifier the operator unhooks Athefcable from the notch 8 and engages it into the notch 281. Inversely, when the justier has been secured to the carriage, the operator takes out the cable 'from the notch 281, extends it by the necessary amount and hooks it again onto the notch 8. Fig. 26 shows a modified form of the bracket 280.

Whenever it is impossible to even lslightly alter the level of the point on the carriage on which the drawca'ble should be attached for a satisfactory running, a laterally or upwardly foldable bracket may be tted to the bottom sheet F.

Another convenient arrangement consists in forming in the bracket 230 a hole or a horizontal slot of appropriate diameter or length wherein the drawcable passes and moves freely during the justifications. A knot larger than the diameter 4of the hole or the height of the slot is formed at the end of the cable. When the operator unhooks the cable from the notch 8, he simply releases it. The cable is immediately pulled by the typewriter main spring, but its terminal knot is stoppedby the edges ofthe hole or slot.

kFor the rack (Fig. 13), one mounts, for instance, a lock bar 299 with push lug 291 on the `carriage end plate I. This `barhas a slot cut therein that slides on shoulder screws '292. When the bar is pushed into the position shown in .dotted lines, its end inserts into an appropriate notch, opening or hole v293 of the rack. It is Yclear 4that the ylocking together of 4the carriage and the .rack .once the justifier has been removed may be accomplished in many diterent ways.

IlI. PARTICULAR CASE 'OF THE TYP-EWRI'PERS RACK IS vCARP-REED BY A SWIV- `LLING .'STRRUP There exist typewriters wherein the rack is secured to or forms the horizontal bar of a stirrup or bail. The lateral arms of the stirrup swivel on short pivots of the carriage about Ia common axis XX which is Vparallel to the rack. In this case, the following arrangements are applicable:

A. Sliding arrangement between the carriage and the'rack Two solutions .maybe worked out. AIn the first, the stiffness of the stirrup isincreased by `convenient reinforcements of its arms .and the rack. The assembly thus strengthened is .slidably and pivotally mounted :on carriage pivots of greater length. In the second solution, the horizontal Ybar of the stirrup -forms la smooth member along which the rack is slidably mounted.

B. Connection fbetwe'en the slider 1 and The rack `K (fa) Fdldable yjustifienan-The .slider and rack connection must permit 'both :the swivellings of .the stirrupabout its 'axis XX and the swivellings of the justilier about its folding axis AA, AA being perpendicular :to

The fslider 1 or the bar 16 are then tted, .for instance, with a cylindrical fsha'ft the Vaxis "of which coincides with the raxis .and the rack fand Ais tte'd .with a forlk engaging the shaft 'laterally by two L'legs each located 'in 'a planeperpendicular to XX.

When the justifier is being folded .about the axis AA, the :shaft rotates upon fitself 'between fthe Vlegs of 'the fork. When the stirrup is being '.pivoted about the 'axis XX 1to release the rack from the rack pinion and Ithus free fthe carriage, the legs of :the A'fork move 'along 'the shaft.

(Ib) y:Quickly 'detachable insofern- It is suicient, in this case, :that the connection between the slider 1 -and the rack should permit the Jswivellings 'of the stirrup about its axis XX. Such a condition vis vlmost `easy to comply with.

A connection similar `to that shown in Fig. 13, i. e. a lng I216 rectangular `in plan view engaging Van opening 220 of suicient length would be applicable. Assuming vthat the rack K in Fig. 13 -would form the horizontal bar of a stirrup pivoting about an axis XX fparallel to K, the swivelling of the stirrup would simply result in small ldisplacementsof the lwalls of the opening 220 along the sides of the llug 216. And vprovided that convenient height and length should be given to the lug and opening respectively, the connection Iwould remain lfully effective throughoutthe stirruppivoting range.

Alternatively, Vfor a downwardly directed 'approach of the justifier, the connection Vcould consist of Van fupstanding yarm secured to the rack and engaging 'a transverse slot 'cut v-in the 'slider or in a part secured thereto, said slot having a width equal to 'the arm thickness and -a length lallowing for the Idisplacements of the arm along the slot vwalls when Ithe rackrcarryin'g stirrup is being pivoted about its axis XX.

There is no special `diticulty, therefore, in designing foldable or quickly detachable justitiers for 'typewriters wherein `the rack 'is carried by :a -pivoting stirrup.

For the clearnessoffthe'descriptiona specic justifier had to be `"chosen, since for angiven lconventional Itypewriter the various justifier attachment systems which may be designed closely depend upon the justifier structure, that is, fthe structure iof 'the ljustier :elements :sliding -in relation toteachfother. lnzthis connection, .thedescription 13 has been made with reference to a justifier fitted with a justifying lever.

It should be understood, however, that the invention applies also to justifiers widely differing from the type of justifier selected as an example. It applies in particular to justifiers with ramp and touching member. Similarly to a justifying lever, the touching member is carried by a slider connected to the rack and movable in relation to a plate connected to the carriage, and the ramp actuating the touching member, just as an actuating stop for the justifying lever, is carried by a contact slider adjustable on a rail of the typewriter frame or carriage shift frame parallel to the rack.

I claim:

1. In a typewriter having a rack and a carriage longitudinally slidable relative thereto, a justifier with two elements, the first of said justifier elements being attached to an extension of said rack to move therewith and the second of said justifier elements slidably supporting said first justier element and being attached to said carria-ge to move therewith, a justifying member movably supported by said first justifier element, a drawcable attached to said justifying member to return it to its rest position and simultaneously return said rack toward the left, a contact slider longitudinally adjustable on the frame of said typewriter, an actuating member adjustably carried by said slider, said actuating member being adapted to be engaged by said justifying member at a predetermined pointV of the rack travel, and a link between said second justifier element and said justifying member whereby jusn'fication of typing is obtained by adjusting said link on said second justifier element, the improvement which comprises means for attaching said first and second justifier elements to said rack extension and carriage respectively in such a manner that said elements are movable to place said justifier in operative and inoperative positions.

2. A typewriter according to claim 1 in which said rst and second justifier elements are pivoted by said attaching means to said rack extension and carriage respecn'vely.

3. A typewriter according to claim 2 in which, when said link is set at zero, the pivots of said first and second justifier elements are in axial alinement and said justifier may be folded about said pivots. t

4. A typewriter according to claim 3 provided with means retaining said justifier in at least one of its folded and operative positions.

5. A typewriter according to claim 3 having a stud on said rack extension so that said drawcable passes about said stud when said justifier is being folded and retained in folded position. v

6. A typewriter according to claim 1 in which said first and second justifier elements are in superposed position with means for locking the same together to render said justifier inoperative.

7. A typewriter according to lclaim 6 in which a rotatable knob on a stud on one of .said justifier elements is adapted to grip and fix the other of said justifier elements.

8. A typewriter according to claim 1 in which said attaching means comprises co-operating male and female memberson said first justifier element and rack extension which are adapted to automatically interlock'and release by movement of said justifier element relative to said carriage for attachment thereon and detachment therefrom, and quickly detachable securing means on said second justifier element and said carriage.

9. A typewriter according to claim 8 in which one of said male and female members is resilient to frictionally engage the other.

l0. A typewriter according to claim 8 in which guiding means guide the movement of said justifier.

11. A typewriter according to vclaim 8 in which stop members limit the movement of said justifier.

12. A typewriter according to claim 8 in which there is a bracket on said carriage on which the end of said drawcable is held when it is detached from said justifier.

13. A typewriter according to claim 8 in which there is a bracket on said carriage on which theend of said drawcable is held when said justifier is removed, said bracket having an opening through which said drawcable passes, and a knot on the end of said drawcable larger than said opening.

14. A typewriter according to claim 8 in which said first justifier element is a slider, said justifying member is a lever pivoted on said slider and having a cylindrical removable end, said second justifier element is a plate, said actuating member is a cylindrical pin adjustably carried by an arm removably secured to said contact slider, and said contact slider is adjustable on a rail of the typewriter frame and has one mounting post for said arm and one locking knob at each end.

15. A typewriter according to claim 8 in which locking means on said carriage and rack are adapted to lock the same together when said justifier is removed.

16. A typewriter according to claim l5 in which a lock bar is on said carriage and means is provided for moving the bar into locking position with said rack when said justifier is removed.

Handley Apr. '9, 1940 Lglise Dec. 7, 1954 

